Genes and DNA
All living organisms have DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) in their cells, often in a confined structure that is called the nucleus. The DNA molecules function as a library, it is the organism's genetic blueprint. DNA molecules can be very long containing millions of repetitive elements, called nucleotides (guanine, adenine, thymine and cytosine). It is the exact order of these nucleotides that forms instructions for making the materials (proteins and RNA molecules) which an organism needs to function. The DNA sequence also includes the information that is involved in regulating the use of this genetic information.
The segments of DNA that are associated with the synthesis of real cellular components are called genes. Other parts of the DNA may be used to shape it into folded structures (chromosome) that also have a function in determining when genes must be active. The instructions in genes allow living cells to make proteins. Proteins can be used as structural parts of the organism, they can have a role in regulating cellular processes or they may be involved in catalysing chemical reactions. In the latter case the protein is called an enzyme.
Changing the DNA molecule
The terms "genetic modification", "genetic manipulation" (GM), "genetic engineering", "recombinant DNA technology", "gene cloning" and "gene splicing" all describe the process of identifying, isolating, changing and/or (re)introducing genes in an organism, usually in a laboratory setting. Usually, a small section of DNA from one organism is introduced into the DNA of another with which it would not normally interbreed. The DNA information from one organism may very well be suited to function properly in another unrelated organism from a different species. Changing or introducing a few select genes may introduce the capability of making new substances or provide an organism with new or different capabilities.
The film
These new technologies have a great influence on our daily lives and plant biotechnology, as presented in the film, is no exception. After all, plants provide us with the food we need to survive. However, plant biotechnology is a controversial area where both the basic research and its application to our daily lives is viewed with suspicion by members of the public. Legitimate concerns have been raised. The content of the film addresses the role genetic modification and plant biotechnology plays and is likely to play in our society.
The space on page 2 is intended for specific information on the contents of the meeting, details of participants, experts and organizers.
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